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Creators/Authors contains: "William Huie, Lintao Li"

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  1. We demonstrate high fidelity repetitive projective measurements of nuclear spin qubits in an array of neutral ytterbium-171 (171Yb) atoms. We show that the qubit state can be measured with a fidelity of 0.995(4) under a condition that leaves it in the state corresponding to the measurement outcome with a probability of 0.993(6) for a single tweezer and 0.981(4) averaged over the array. This is accomplished by near-perfect cyclicity of one of the nuclear spin qubit states with an optically excited state under a magnetic field of B=58 G, resulting in a bright/dark contrast of ≈105 during fluorescence readout. The performance improves further as ∼1/B2. The state-averaged readout survival of 0.98(1) is limited by off-resonant scattering to dark states and can be addressed via post-selection by measuring the atom number at the end of the circuit, or during the circuit by performing a measurement of both qubit states. We combine projective measurements with high-fidelity rotations of the nuclear spin qubit via an AC magnetic field to explore several paradigmatic scenarios, including the non-commutivity of measurements in orthogonal bases, and the quantum Zeno mechanism in which measurements "freeze" coherent evolution. Finally, we employ real-time feedforward to repetitively deterministically prepare the qubit in the +z or −z direction after initializing it in an orthogonal basis and performing a projective measurement in the z-basis. These capabilities constitute an important step towards adaptive quantum circuits with atom arrays, such as in measurement-based quantum computation, fast many-body state preparation, holographic dynamics simulations, and quantum error correction. 
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